1. Pagina de titlu — conține titlul lucrării, numele autorului, coordonatorul științific, instituția, facultatea, programul de studiu și anul susținerii.

2. Declarația de autenticitate — document obligatoriu prin care autorul declară pe proprie răspundere că lucrarea este originală și că sursele au fost citate corect. Anumite universități cer plasarea ei la finalul lucrării.

3. Rezumatul (Rezumat / Abstract) — prezentare concisă a lucrării. Lungime recomandată: 150–300 de cuvinte. Anumite universități nu cer includerea abstractului.

4. Cuvinte cheie — 5–8 termeni reprezentativi, plasați sub rezumat.

5. Cuprinsul — obligatoriu în orice lucrare de licență. Se generează automat din stilurile de titlu ale documentului Word.

6. Lista abrevierilor — recomandată atunci când lucrarea conține acronime sau abrevieri de specialitate.

7. Lista tabelelor și lista figurilor — obligatorii dacă lucrarea conține 5 sau mai multe tabele, respectiv 5 sau mai multe figuri.

1. Introduction — presents the context, motivation, objectives, and structure of the work.

2. Theoretical Background — literature review, conceptual and theoretical framework.

3. Methodology — describes in detail the research design, instruments, participants, and procedure.

4. Results — presents the obtained data.

5. Conclusions and Discussions — includes: interpretation of results, study limitations, practical implications, and future research directions.

1. Bibliografie — lista completă a tuturor surselor citate în lucrare.

2. Anexe — materiale suplimentare care nu pot fi incluse în corpul lucrării (chestionare, protocoale, acorduri, transcrieri etc.). Fiecare anexă este etichetată: Anexa 1, Anexa 2, Anexa 3 etc.

Textul corpului lucrării este aliniat justificat (justify). Acesta este standardul academic românesc pentru majoritatea universităților. Titlurile de nivel 1 sunt centrate; titlurile de nivel 2 și 3 sunt aliniate la stânga.

■  Pages are numbered in the header, centered or on the right.

■  The title page is NOT numbered (and not included in the numbering).

■  Preliminary elements (declaration, abstract, table of contents) are usually numbered with small Roman numerals (i, ii, iii...) or are not numbered, depending on the faculty guide.

■  The body of the paper is numbered with Arabic numerals, starting from page 1.

■  1.  Capitol (Titlul 1) — aldin, 14–16pt, centrat

■  1.1.  Secțiune (Titlul 2) — aldin, 12–13pt, stânga

■  1.1.1.  Subsecțiune (Titlul 3) — aldin cursiv, 12pt, stânga

■  Numerotare: sistem zecimal bazat pe capitol — Tabel 2.1, Figura 3.2 etc.

■  Eticheta tabelului: se plasează deasupra tabelului, precedată de număr și titlu (ex: Tabelul 2.1. Distribuția participanților pe grupe de vârstă).

■  Eticheta figurii: se plasează dedesubtul figurii, precedată de număr și descriere (ex: Figura 3.1. Modelul structural al variabilelor studiate).

■  Toate tabelele și figurile trebuie menționate în text înainte de apariție.

■  Sursa: se indică sub tabel/figură: Sursă: Autor (An) sau Sursă: adaptare după Autor (An).

1. University and Faculty Name — at the top, in capital letters, centered.

2. Study Program — below the faculty name.

3. Mention "Lucrare de licență" (Thesis) — centered, with a larger font (14–16pt, bold).

4. Thesis Title — formulated clearly and concisely, without abbreviations. Maximum 15–20 words. Centered, bold, 14–16pt.

5. Scientific Coordinator — with full title (Prof. univ. dr. / Conf. univ. dr. / Lect. univ. dr.). Left-aligned or centered, depending on the template.

6. Graduate — the student's full name. Right-aligned or centered, depending on the template.

7. Place and Year — e.g., Cluj-Napoca, 2026. Centered, at the bottom of the page.

The title of the paper creates the reader's first impression and must be carefully formulated. A good title is specific, clear, and reflects the content of the paper.

1. Context and Research Problem — 1-2 sentences introducing the topic and justifying its relevance.

2. Study Objectives — what the research aimed to achieve.

3. Methodology — who the participants were, what instruments were used, what design the research had.

4. Main Results — the most important findings, with values if applicable.

5. Conclusions and Implications — what the results mean and what contribution they make.

■  Length: 150–300 words per version (Romanian and English).

■  No undefined abbreviations, no bibliographic citations, no figures or tables.

■  Use past tense for procedures and results, and present tense for conclusions.

■  Keywords are placed below the abstract, preceded by the label "Cuvinte cheie:" (Romanian) / "Keywords:" (English). Minimum 5, maximum 8 terms, separated by commas.

1. Prezintă contextul tematic al lucrării — de ce este important subiectul.

2. Identifică problema de cercetare — ce întrebare sau ce lacună din literatura de specialitate abordează lucrarea.

3. Formulează obiectivele cercetării — ce își propune lucrarea să demonstreze sau să cerceteze.

4. Descrie structura lucrării — un scurt rezumat al conținutului fiecărui capitol.

The introduction is generally 3–7% of the total length of the paper (2–5 pages for a 70-page paper). It is not numbered with a decimal system in some guides; in others, it appears as "Chapter 1" or as an unnumbered section. Consult your faculty's guide.

1.  Overly long introduction, drawing content from theoretical chapters.

2.  Lack of justification for the chosen topic — no explanation of why the subject is important.

3.  Objectives are missing or too vague ("the purpose of the paper is to study...").

4.  The structure of the paper is completely missing from the introduction.

Thematic organization is preferred over chronological organization. Group sources by themes, not by authors or years. Each paragraph should have a central idea supported by multiple sources.

■  Minimum 25–40 de surse pentru o lucrare de licență.

■  Minimum 60% din surse să fie publicate în ultimii 10 ani (excepție: lucrări istorice sau lucrări care analizează teorii clasice).

■  Minimum 30–50% din surse să fie în engleză sau altă limbă de circulație internațională

■  Short quote (under 40 words / 4 lines): integrated into the text, in quotation marks, with citation.

■  Long quote (over 40 words): presented as a block quote, indented (1.25 cm), without quotation marks, with citation. Used rarely.

■  Paraphrasing: without quotation marks, with mandatory citation (author, year).

1.  Research Objectives — precisely and measurably formulated. Example: "The objective of this research is to examine the relationship between anxiety levels and academic performance in final year students."

2.  Hypotheses — verifiable statements about the expected relationship between variables.

3. Research Design — the type of design (experimental, quasi-experimental, correlational, qualitative, etc.).

4.  Participants — who they are, how many there are, how they were selected, what are the inclusion/exclusion criteria.

5.  Assessment Instruments — description of each instrument used: what it measures, how many items it has, how it is scored, data regarding reliability and validity on the Romanian population.

6.  Procedure — how data collection took place, when, where, how participants were informed.

7.  Ethical Considerations — informed consent, data anonymization, ethics committee approval (if required by the faculty).

8.  Statistical Analysis Methods — what statistical methods were used and why (ANOVA, regression, t-test, etc.).

■  Variabila independentă (VI) — factorul manipulat.

■  Variabila dependentă (VD) — rezultatul măsurat.

■  Variabilele de control — factorii ținuți constant sau excluși.

■  Informed consent of participants (or parents, in case of minor participants).

■  Guarantee of confidentiality and data anonymization.

■  The right to refuse or withdraw from research without consequences.

■  If required, approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee.

■  Presents data in a logical order, following the objectives and hypotheses from the methodology.

■  Uses tables and figures to illustrate the data.

■  Reports statistical data according to the standards of the citation style used (e.g. APA 7: F(1,19) = 52.03, p < .001).

*Do not interpret, compare with the literature, or draw conclusions in this chapter.

1.  Answer each objective and hypothesis formulated — were they confirmed or refuted?

2.  Compare the results with the specialized literature — are they consistent or contradictory? Why?

3.   Identify the limitations of the study — what cannot be generalized, what variables could not be controlled.

4.  Formulate practical implications — what the results mean for practitioners in the field.

5.  Propose future research directions — what questions remain open.

■  Răspunde direct la întrebarea de cercetare.

■  Sintetizează principalele contribuții ale lucrării.

■  Formulează recomandări practice și teoretice.

■  Răspunde direct la întrebarea de cercetare.

■  Sintetizează principalele contribuții ale lucrării.

■  Formulează recomandări practice și teoretice.

In-text citation

■ One author: (Rachman, 2013) or Rachman (2013) shows that...

■ Two authors: (Bandura & Jerusalem, 1995) — always with "&" in parentheses.

■ Three or more authors: (Maack et al., 2015) — et al. from the first citation.

■ Secondary citation (source not directly accessed): (Comfort, 1979, cited in Pankow & Solotoroff, 2007) — preferably cite the primary source.

■ Direct quote: (Rachman, 2013, p. 45) — page is mandatory for direct quotes.

Bibliography / Reference List — common APA 7 formats

Journal article:
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191

Book:
Rachman, S. (2013). Anxiety (3rd ed.). Psychology Press.

Chapter in an edited volume:
Maddux, J. E. (1991). Self-efficacy. In C. R. Snyder & D. R. Forsyth (Eds.), Handbook of social and clinical psychology (pp. 57–78). Pergamon Press.

*Google Scholar may present errors in citation generation. Manually check each citation before including it in the bibliography.

■  Source cited in text but absent from bibliography.

■  Source in bibliography without any citation in text.

■  "et al." / "and co-workers" used for sources with 2 authors

■  Place of publication included in bibliographic sources (APA 7th edition eliminated this requirement).

■  Title Case (capitalizing every word) for titles of articles, books, web pages — APA 7 requires Sentence Case (only the first letter of the first word in a sentence capitalized) for these when present in the reference list

■  DOI absent from bibliography — mandatory if it exists.

■  Plagiat direct — copierea unui fragment de text fără ghilimele și fără citare.

■  Plagiat prin parafrazare — reformularea unui text fără citarea sursei.

■  Auto-plagiat — reutilizarea fără mențiune a unui text propriu publicat anterior. 

■  Plagiat structural — preluarea structurii argumentative a unui alt autor fără citare.

■  Plagiat al datelor — prezentarea datelor altcuiva ca fiind date proprii.

■  AI-generated content cannot be presented as your own thinking.

■  If you use AI for writing assistance, you must explicitly declare this.

■  AI-generated data, quotes, and sources must be independently verified — AI can generate fictitious references.

■  Check your faculty guide for specific regulations on AI usage.

Most universities in Romania require thesis verification through Turnitin or an equivalent system. Accepted similarity thresholds vary. Consult your faculty's guide to see the accepted threshold.

Similarity is calculated, depending on the faculty/university, from the theoretical framework or the entire paper. Elements that artificially increase the degree of similarity: long direct quotes, instrument titles, reference lists.

*A low score does not guarantee the absence of plagiarism if the source has not been indexed

■ Colloquial language and informal expressions.

■ First and second person singular (I, you) – the impersonal form or the author's plural is recommended.

■ Excessively long and confusing sentences.

■ Superlatives and unfounded emphatic expressions ("it is extremely important", "certainly").

■ Undefined abbreviations on first use.

■  Literele cu virgulă dedesubt sunt corecte: ș, ț (nu cedilă: ş, ţ).

■  Diacriticele ă, â, î trebuie utilizate conform regulilor DOOM3.

■  Verifică setările de autocorecție ale soft-ului Microsoft Word (sau echivalentul acestuia utilizat) — pot înlocui incorect ș/ț cu ş/ţ.

1.  The printed paper (1–3 copies, bound or spiral-bound, depending on the faculty’s requirements), with the supervisor’s signature on the title page.

2.  The paper in electronic format (CD, USB, or faculty’s online portal).

3.  The originality statement signed in original.

4.  The similarity report (if requested separately).

5.  The application form for the bachelor’s examination (if required by the secretariat).

1. Presentation (10–15 minutes) — using a visual aid (PowerPoint/presentation). Recommended structure: title, presentation of subchapters from theoretical foundation, objectives, methodology, main results, conclusions and discussions.

2. Questions from the committee (5–15 minutes) — the committee may ask about any aspect of the work.

* For custom or ready-to-use presentations and PowerPoint templates, visit the Presentations page or contact us at: contact@redactum.net.

Tips for presentation:

■ Maximum 15–20 slides; minimum font 18pt; little text, relevant visuals.

■ Practice a few times before — do not read from the slide.

■ Know your work in detail — the committee may ask questions about any information, especially from methodology, results or statistical data.

■ Dress decently and formally — you will show that you take this exam seriously and, implicitly, the committee that evaluates you.